Jon Jones: Controlling Range

This past weekend I went to Los Angeles to attend UFC 232, the first UFC event I've ever attended in person.  It was a blast.  The energy in the room when Nunes beat Cyborg was the biggest highlight of the night, yet the match I felt most invested in was Jones vs Gustafsson.  I was rooting for Gustafsson, both because his entertaining yet technical style makes him my favorite fighter in the light heavyweight division and because a Jon Jones victory usually means he'll fuck up soon thereafter, once again throwing the division into chaos.

If Gustafsson couldn't win, though, then I at least wanted a fight like the first.  That first bout in 2013 may be my favorite MMA fight of all time, as it has a great mix of high octane action and technical thoughtfulness that checks every single box for what I want out of a fight.  If Gustafsson were to lose, I at least wanted another classic that could satisfy both my fight science brain and my more animalistic brain.

Obviously, things didn't play out that way.

It was definitely disappointing to see my favorite light heavyweight lose, and even more disappointing to realize that, with two losses to Jones (as well as a close loss to Cormier), that may be the last title shot Gustafsson ever receives.  I was thoroughly impressed, however, with how well Jones had learned from his first fight with Gustafsson.  He implemented a lot of changes to his approach in this fight that really paid off.

To keep this post from becoming a novella, I'm gonna focus on Jon's use of distance and the changes he made made in how he controls distance to win the rematch.  Jon's biggest gift as a fighter isn't just his reach, after all, but his understanding of how to use it.  There's a reason why Stefan Struve never won a world title despite having a Jon Jones reach.  It's one thing to have a useful attribute, it's another to know how to use it.  Jones succeeds not just because of his physical gifts, but because he has the fight IQ to use them.  Let's dig into how.

Imagine if this friggin' skyscraper actually developed a high level jab.

First, let's start with one of the key conceptual approaches of Jon's game.  T first thing most wrestling-based MMA fighters who learn to strike gravitate toward is punching.  It's a pretty smart idea.  Knowing how to exchange in the pocket is important, as you'll inevitably find yourself there as you try to go for a clinch or your opponent's hips.  Beyond that, knowing how to throw your hands can also be great for setting up takedowns, and vice versa.  This is why, for example, Khabib Nurmagomedov out-strikes fighters like Conor McGregor and Edson Barboza.  He'd get demolished in a boxing or kickboxing bout.  It's the threat of his grappling that prevents his opponents from knowing whether his next move will be a strike or takedown.

Jon Jones, however, makes an interesting alternative case for wrestlers developing their striking: what if you developed a really good kicking game instead?

Back when Jones first started fighting in the UFC everyone talked about the occasional spinning kicks that he threw with flair, while on a more nuts and bolts level he threw side kicks and teeps/push kicks aplenty.  He used a solid jab-cross to help keep his opponents at bay, but his punching never compared to his kicking.  Why?  Well this takes us to his range, as well as Gustafsson's footwork.

Throwing straight-line kicks (that is, kicks that you throw immediately in front of you, like the kicking equivalent of a straight punch) is a great way to jam up someone trying to close the distance on you.  Jones understand this well, and uses it to stifle fighters trying to close the distance on him to great effect.  His Shogun and Rampage fights in particular saw him using these tactics to make sure that neither fighter could get in any meaningful offense against him.

Jones using Rampage's face as persuasive evidence for why wrestlers should learn kicking.

So why would this be good for wrestlers in particular?  Because if you're a wrestler who can control the kicking range, your opponents will desperately try to close the distance.  That's when you can use your wrestling.  Your opponents are then faced with a dilemma: do they try to keep distance to avoid your wrestling, or try to close the distance to avoid your kicks?  The ultimate goal is boxing range if their hands are good enough, of course, but they would need the ability to maintain that exact range.  Too little or too much distance and you're in danger.

The closest Jones ever came to facing someone who could effectively use their footwork to control that distance was Machida, whom he had to out-feint and rock on his way to finishing him with a devastating guillotine.  With every other fighter up until that point he was able to control the range of the fight easily, alternating mostly between kicking and grappling ranges.  He could kick when he wanted to keep fighters on the outside, then, whenever they got inside, step in to use his wrestling.  No need to close the distance when your opponent is doing it for you!

Then he fought Gustafsson.

In their first fight Jones struggled not just against Gustafsson's size, but his skillset.  Yes, Gustafsson's size threw off Jones.  But he also used his excellent boxing to land body shots that opened up punches to the face, and vice versa, even throwing in the occasional unexpected takedown.  It wasn't just Gustafsson reach, but his variety of attack.  His footwork also played a key role.  He was able to use his elite lateral (side to side) footwork in order to evade the straight-line kicks Jones likes to use.  While Jones did throw the occasional round kick, especially to the head, he very much favored those straight line kicks.  With Gustafsson able to effectively sidestep them, however, he couldn't control the range nearly as well.

That combination of footwork, mixing up attacks between the head/body, and his impressive physical attributes helped Gustaffsson challenge Jones more than any fighter had, or has since.  Whoever you thought won that fight, it was pretty clear that Gustafsson made things closer than most people thought possible. While many thought his height might prove an interesting challenge to Jones, his relatively unimpressive run to the title simply didn't prepare anyone for how good he would look that night.

Jones clearly learned from the experience, as he intelligently made a variety of improvements to his game thereafter.  One was that he began to fight more in the pocket.  Being smart enough to use his natural gifts, he didn't do so by trying to throw his long, lanky arms in such a small, confined space.  Instead he relied primarily on his elbows, which have rapidly become one of his top weapons.  Glover Teixeira in particular got absolutely brutalized by Jon's punishing use of his elbows up close.

 Y I K E S

Then came last Saturday's rematch.

In the first round of their second fight, things were quite close.  Jones succeeded in using his better-rounded skillset, which we'll get into the details of in a moment, but Gustfasson looked good, too.  One of the biggest changes he made between this fight and the first was that he mixed in more kicks with his punches.  Specifically, he used leg kicks and the straight-line kicks to the knee that Jones is known for.  He didn't jab to the body as much as he did the first fight, unfortunately, but his skills looked sharp overall, and the first round made it seem like it could still be anyone's fight.

It was the second round that the differences began to show, however.  Though the round was still close, Jones used a variety of tactics to get the upperhand. Two of the biggest changes, paired together, is that he had more mobile footwork while also better knowing how to outstretch his arms to keep Gustafsson at bay.  In the past, against shorter opponents, Jones would stick out his hands to block fighters from coming in on him.  He couldn't do that the same way against Gustafsson, who shared his approximate stature.  In this fight, however, he stuck out his hands on Gustafsson's shoulders.  This allowed him to jam up Gustafsson's boxing, forcing Gutafsson to either retreat or engage in hand-fighting, which Jones often used to try to set up elbows and short punches.

Jones also threw far more round kicks to the legs and body to take the wind out of Gustafsson's sails.  Round kicks are useful for opponents with lateral movement because its line of attack isn't a single point in front of you, but a wide sweep.  These kicks landed often.  Because of that Gustafsson's mobility declined more quickly than it did in the first fight, where it wasn't really compromised until Jones rocked him with that beautiful spinning back elbow.  The lowered mobility, mixed with Jones using his hand-fighting and improved footwork (not on Gustafsson's level, but sufficient enough mixed with everything else), allowed Jones to better control the range.

These things all worked together in different ways.  Jones used the hand-fighting to set up some of his leg kicks, for example, while his round kicks helped slow Gustafsson down enough to land more straight kicks that kept Gustafsson at range.  In the third round Jones used Gustafsson's lowered mobility and his own better control of range to land that takedown, which Gustafsson didn't expect considering during the second round almost every takedown or clinch attempt was a fake meant to set up strikes.  Once it got to the ground, Jones showed great positional control and passing abilities en route to a pretty devastating finish by ground 'n pound.

Also, can we take a second to appreciate how Mike Beltran comforted Gustafsson after?

As I said before, it sucked watching Gustfasson lose so decisively.  Still, I love me some high level MMA gameplanning and technique.  Both fighters, but especially Jones, delivered those in quantities I can't help but be thankful for.  UFC 232 was a great night, and this bout was an exciting, technical one that any fight fan can learn from.  It'll be interesting to see what happens from here.  Jon Jones has a lot more he can achieve, and a lot more greatness in technique and strategy that he can show us.

Hopefully he doesn't fuck it all up.

My Five Favorite Moves of Tony Ferguson

Tony Ferguson is my favorite lightweight fighter in the UFC right now, possibly ever, and one of my favorite fighters of any weight class.  At face value this probably sounds weird, considering I'm very much a fan of technical fighters who use crisp, reliable technique.  Though that describes Ferguson's jiujitsu to an extent, his striking is neither crisp nor reliable in the tradition sense.  He leaves his chin up, leans forward with his punches, and doesn't hide his kicks behind punches the way you're supposed to at the highest level.

And yet he has found success at the highest levels, even against Edson Barboza, among the best pure strikers at lightweight, and Rafael Dos Anjos, one of the most well-rounded.  So what gives?

Ferguson has many noteworthy techniques in his arsenal, most of them awkward and unconventional, but all effective.  At the end of the day, fighting is about dishing out as much damage as you can while trying to minimize the damage you receive in turn.  Ferguson has quite the toolbox to accomplish this task, regardless of how well they look by normal fight science standards.

For the sake of time, I'll only describe five of my favorite techniques of his, then briefly pontificate on a hypothetical fight with Khabib Nurmagomedov (I first wrote this article when they were supposed to fight).  Enjoy!

1. Reverse Roy Jones Jr Windmill Punch

One of Roy Jones Jr's favorite unconventional attacks is to wind up his right hand as his opponent watches, then unleash it at a random point.  He often hits his target despite how obvious the incoming attack is.  Jack Slack has a great writeup as to the technical brilliance of the maneuver, which is worth the read for anyone interested either in becoming a fighter or just having a deeper technical understanding of the game.

Tony Ferguson does something a little different, though.  He winds up his right hand Roy Jones Jr style, but then uses that as a distraction to throw his jab.  This technique was on prominent display against Kevin Lee during their fight for the interim title.  It's a great move for making your opponent look foolish when it lands, and since you're throwing your jab, you're throwing your quickest, easiest to land punch at the opponent. 

 
It landed almost every time against Kevin Lee, as Ferguson kept changing the tempo of when he'd throw the jab.  At one point he might throw the jab immediately after starting the wind-up, another time he might throw it after a couple full rotations. This variety is what allowed it to land so often.  In fighting, as with just about anything else, variety is the spice of life.

This is extra true at the highest level of MMA, where future opponents and their camps will be studying your past fights to look at what you like to do.  Going forward, I'd love to see Ferguson actually throw his right hand like Roy Jones Jr on occasion, rather than always just the jab.  Hell, why not mix in some push kicks/teeps, too?  It'd be intriguing to see Ferguson continue to delve into making an art of the spinning right hand distraction.

2. Intercepting Elbows

A lot of people say Jon Jones dominated the light heavyweight division because of how long his reach is.  That's bullshit.  If reach alone determined fights, Stefan Struve would be the UFC heavyweight champion, and betting odds on fighters would always favor the fighter with length.  What makes Jones special is that he knows how to use his reach.  So do many other fighters from the Jackson-Winkeljohn fight camp, including Cowboy Cerrone and Carlos Condit.

Ferguson, who himself is lanky for his division, must be paying attention to the techniques he's seen these lanky fighters use.  He employs a lot of their signature techniques, including holding out his arms to keep distance and even the rare intercepting knee.  His favorite lanky person move by far, however, is the intercepting elbow.

What's that?  An elbow doesn't seem like a good move to throw for a person with long reach?  They'd be better off trying to use their long range to throw punches?

Here's the thing: when you're a fighter with reach, the goal of your opponent is to close the distance and get in your face.  Your goal is to do whatever you can to keep that distance and not let them in.  Inevitably, however, your opponent will eventually close the gap every once in a while, no matter how good you are.  When your arms are lankier and longer than your opponent's, intercepting elbows are a great way to help against an opponent getting too close for comfort.  Especially if punches in the pocket aren't your specialty.  Ferguson has always used this attack against fighters closing in on him, but has really sharpened and used it more often in recent fights, particularly against Rafael Dos Anjos and Kevin Lee.

This, incidentally, could be one of the most helpful techniques for Tony in a hypothetical fight against Khabib.  It's no coincidence he started using this move more in recent fights, where Khabib has always been the one he'd be expected to fight next.  At the end of this post I'll discuss why this could be one of his most valuable moves against Khabib.

3. Triangular Footwork

Something cool that's been popping up more and more in recent years at the highest levels of MMA is changing stances.  Until the last few years, the only top level fighter who used to consistently switch stances was Anderson Silva.  Now a lot of elite fighters do it.  Mighty Mouse Johnson and TJ Dillashaw are two of the best at it.  Most fighters who switch stances do so the way those two do it: stepping with a single foot mid-combination.  That is, in the middle of attacking their opponent they'll step one foot out in order to attack from different angles.  The aforementioned Jack Slack has a excellet video about TJ Dillashaw's ability to change stances mid-combination.

Ferguson does his stance shifting a little differently, however.  He uses what in Arnis is called triangular footwork (it also resembles the ginga of Capoeira, aka "that one martial art that looks like breakdance fighting").  The concept is pretty simple.  Imagine a triangle under your feet, with two points in front of you and one behind.  Triangular footwork has you moving according to this grid at all times, shifting stances by moving your back foot forward and your front foot back.

Ferguson often uses this triangular stance shift from a distance, rather than in the middle of an exchange the way most fighters do.  The drawback of this approach is that you're not going to surprise an opponent by your change of stance.  They'll see you shift stances right before the attack and know "ahh, okay, they are now fighting as a southpaw."

The advantage, however, is that you don't put yourself at risk the way changing stances during a combination does.  No matter how good a fighter is, they're still vulnerable during that split second they change their stance, since they're in a brief moment of transition.  Ferguson doesn't have to worry about that at a distance.  Also, when mixed in with feints and level changes the way Ferguson does, the predictability of triangular footwork can be lessened.

4. Rubber Guard

One of the things Eddie Bravo has always talked about for jiujitsu-based fighters in MMA is the importance of having a "Carlos Condit guard" on the ground. After all, Carlos Condit off of his back is constantly fighting for either a submission or a sweep.  It's easy to forget due to his creative kickboxing style on the feet, but thirteen of Condit's thirty wins are by submission.  Even in fights that don't end by submission, his constant activity off of his back helps neutralize the offense of his opponent.  In his fight against Johny Hendricks, a close fight many (including myself) scored for Condit, he kept using his guard to make sure that Hendricks could do nothing with the takedowns he landed.

Tony Ferguson, a 10th Planet student who trains jiujitsu with Eddie Bravo, has clearly been listening to his instructor about developing that Condit guard.  His is constantly throwing up submission attempts from the bottom, as well as nasty elbows that do considerable amounts of damage (something which Kevin Lee has repeatedly said was the biggest surprise of the fight for him).  Only a few people in the UFC have a guard as strong as Ferguson's.

As a 10th Planet jiujitsu practitioner, however, my favorite specific move of Ferguson's from his back is definitely the rubber guard.  For those unfamiliar with the position, it's when a fighter swings their leg over the back of their opponent and grabs their ankle with the opposite hand.  In the picture above, Ferguson is in rubber guard because his left leg is slung over Kevin Lee while his right hand/wrist traps Kevin Lee.  Meanwhile, his left arm is hugging his left knee to make sure Lee can't simply twist out.

The rubber guard is great for a variety of attacks.  The omoplata that Ferguson pursued against Lee is one of my favorite moves from the position, though as we saw in the fight, opponents who know how to escape that move make it a dangerous gambit.  If they succeed in escaping the submission, they succeed in escaping your guard entirely.

What's actually most important about rubber guard, however, is that it prevents an opponent from posturing up.  When you have mission control (the default position in rubber guard shown above) you have total domain over an opponent's posture until they escape (which is hard to do until you start changing position for a submission).  Between the creative submission opportunities and strong ability for control, it's an excellent guard for any MMA fighter's arsenal.

5. D'arce Choke


For anyone who knows anything about me as a jiujitsu practitioner, you know my favorite submission is the d'arce.  It's a great move, especially for those with long arms. The reason is that longer arms make it easier for someone to snake their hands through in order to secure the choke.  It's an effective submission, but not as common in MMA as the more traditional triangle, rear naked choke, armbar, etc.

Ferguson has two things going for him when it comes to the d'arce: he has the fundamentals of the choke itself down to a tee and he has incredible setups.  When it comes to the fundamentals, the number one mistake most people make when going for the d'arce is not grabbing their outside arm's bicep/tricep area with the arm that sneaks under the neck.  Many people will try to go for the d'arce as soon as they poke their fingers through the hole between their opponent's neck and shoulder.

If that sounds confusing, check out 1:29 of the video I posted above.  See how his right hand grabs his left bicep?  That's exactly what you wanna be doing.  Most people get so excited to land the d'arce that they go for the choke as soon as their fingers poke through.  When you do that you're only digging your fingers into their neck, rather than your much thicker, much bonier forearm.  The choke loses significant potency. Ferguson does not make that mistake.
 

He also has incredible setups to get to the choke.  I won't cover any specific ones here because he has so many.  His signature one is from the snap-down, but honestly, I don't know enough about wrestling to talk about the nuances of how it works (for those who don't know my martial arts background, I have a few years each in striking and jiujitsu, but the closest thing I've done to wrestling is eight months of judo).  His more jiujitsu-y oriented entries (ie, those starting on the ground) are brilliant, though, and worth paying attention to for any submission grappler out there.

The most recent stats I could find on d'arce chokes say that as of July 30th, 2016, there were only eighteen d'arce choke finishes ever in the history of the UFC.  Three of those belong to Tony Ferguson.  In other words, in an organization that has had thousands of fights spanning back over twenty years, only eighteen of those fights have ended by d'arce as of 2016, and Ferguson had a sixth of those finishes.  That's pretty damn impressive.

The Real (Hypothetical) Challenge: Khabib Nurmagomedov

Let's talk about what to look for in Tony vs Khabib.

A lot of people are saying that Tony Ferguson will need to use his length to keep Khabib away.  That is technically true, and his excellent use of the jab-cross will indeed aid him in keeping Khabib away, as well his propensity to extend his arms Jon Jones style to keep distance.  Khabib, however, is not someone you can keep on the outside forever.  Like his training partners Cain Velasquez and Daniel Cormier, Khabib is an expert at mixing his strikes with his takedowns in order to close distance with relentless pressure.  Ferguson, meanwhile, is not exactly someone with what we'd call evasive footwork.  Barring a knockout in the early goings of the fight, Khabib will eventually succeed in closing the distance.

 This is where Ferguson's use of elbows come in.  When Khabib gets up close, Ferguson can use them to intercept Khabib as he comes crashing in.  A lot of people say this fight will be at its most interesting on the ground, and I agree, but we can't discount the in-fight or clinch, either.  Ferguson's intercepting elbows and wrestling background will give him a solid chance at blocking Khabib's takedown attempts long enough to land some good shots in the pocket.

That said, chances are it'll still get to the ground eventually.  This will truly be a treat to watch.  As mentioned above, Ferguson has one of the best guards in the UFC.  But will it be enough for Khabib?  It's hard to know for sure, but what we do know is that Ferguson won't just be laying passively on his back.  He'll be throwing elbows, hammer fists, and submission attempts without giving Khabib room to get comfortable, and he'll constantly be trying to break down Khabib's posture to get rubber guard.  It'll be a truly special battle.

Ferguson has to be careful, however.  Not just for the obvious reason that Khabib is a world class grappler who mauls opponents the way I maul dulce de leche ice cream, but also because Khabib will still have the edge in the judge's eyes even if their skills on the ground are equal.  MMA judges are generally wrestling-biased when it comes to scoring fights.  They often don't understand that an opponent actively, effectively fighting off of their back is beating someone who has top position but is simply being defensive.  Because of that, Ferguson still wants to keep the fight standing regardless of how much legitimate damage he can do off of his back.

It's a bummer we haven't been able to see this fight yet, but hopefully it comes to fruition.  For now, hopefully he does well against Anthony Pettis.